By Robert Wolz
KWHx – Issue #28
Hidden within the gates of Truman Annex is one of South Florida’s most historic sites…The Harry S. Truman Little White House State Heritage Landmark.
Built in 1890 on the waterfront as a two-family dwelling for the base commandant and paymaster, the building was known as Quarters A and B. In order to accommodate the deeper draft war ships, the Navy dredged the harbor directly in front of Quarter A in 1909.
The building was converted into a single-family residence in 1911. Seven American Presidents have visited it. President William Howard Taft arrived on Flagler’s Overseas Railroad in December 1912 en route to Panama to inspect the construction of the canal. He had made previous trips as Secretary of War to view the work of the Army Corps of Engineers heading the canal project. Then-Mayor, J.N. Fogarty, hosted a dinner in his home on Duval Street, and Taft posed for photos on the lawn of Quarters A before boarding a ship docked in front and sailing to Panama.
Franklin Roosevelt developed polio in 1921 and desperately sought a cure using hydrotherapy in the winters of 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, and 1926. While most of his time was spent enjoying the warm waters and fishing in the Upper Keys, his diary recorded him staying in Quarters A for a week in April 1926.
President Harry S Truman used the house for 175 days during his administration from 1945 to 1953. He spent 11 working vacations in Quarters A and it was during this time that the building became known as the Little White House. To better serve the needs of the President, a ten foot addition was added to the southern end of the house in 1949. The house was remodeled by Public Works and completely refurnished by interior decorator Haygood Lassiter of Miami, Florida. Concerned Navy personnel kept the furniture collection intact and today 80-90% of the furnishing are original to the site and belong to the State Museum system.
But Key West was more than a vacation spot – the President conducted official business from here. Truman was the first president to realize the White House was where the president was rather than just a building in Washington.
While here the President discussed relief efforts for Europe, the Truman Doctrine that changed American foreign policy, and the recognition of the State of Israel. From here, he wrote his fifth Civil Rights Executive Order requiring that federal contractors hire minorities and he drafted a letter that called for a two-week cease fire in Korea. The reaction of General Douglas MacArthur to this letter led to his dismissal as Allied Commander in April 1951.
President Dwight Eisenhower used the house for meetings in 1955 while he recovered from a heart attack while staying next to the Marine Hospital (now called Mills Place) in Quarters L.
President John F. Kennedy used the site for a summit meeting with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillian in March of 1961 – just 23 days before the Bay of Pigs crisis.
Following President Truman’s death, the base was officially renamed the Truman Annex in 1973. In 1974, the sub base portion of the base was closed. For twelve years the property was abandoned. In September 1986 the Truman Annex, including the Little White House, was sold by the US government to developer Pritam Singh. This is the first time in Key West’s history that the land was privately owned. Within a week, Governor Bob Graham was asking for the property. Mr. Singh generously deeded the Little White House to the state in early 1987.
Over the next three years Mr. Singh privately funded and directed the restoration of the building and the grounds to reflect the Truman era. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Drettman funded additional restoration in the 1990s. in 1996 and again in 2007, President and Mrs. Jimmy Carter used the house for a family gathering. In 1999, Historic Tours of America entered into an agreement with the State of Florida to supervise the continued restoration of the house. They have been extremely generous in their support of the project and its new foundation. The Key West Harry S Truman Foundation, a non-profit formed in 2002, has raised more than $1 million to complete the restoration. $200,000 has been donated by the Bureau of Historic Preservation, $200,000 from the Monroe Country Tourist Development Council and the rest from citizens like you. So when someone asks, “Who owns the Little White House?” We all do.